History - Tudor Finale Timeline

History – Tudor Finale

SIMPLE TIMELINE

1558 – Elizabeth ascends throne

1561 – Mary flees to England

1570 – Francis Drake sets sale to west Indies

1585-1604 – England & Spain at war

1587 - Mary, Queen of Scots executed on 8^th Feb

1588 – Philip II sent armarda to England but was defeated

DETAILED TIMELINE

1558 – Elizabeth ascends throne.

1559 – ACT OF UNIFORMITY

The Book of Common Prayer becomes the only form of legal worship. This was a revision of Edward VI’s prayer book.

Must attend church or face fines.

ACT OF SUPREMACY

Elizabeth to be accepted as Supreme head of the Church.

1560 – Treaty of Edinburgh signed between England and France.

English army entered Scotland to aid Scottish rebellion in forcing out pro-regency French garrison at Leith. After death of Mary of Guise, English and French agreed a treaty under which the Leith garrison was withdrawn.  Mary Stuart refused to ratify the treaty.

1561 – Mary Stuart returns to Scotland.

After living in France since the age of 5, Mary returned to the now Protestant Scotland after the death of her Husband, Francis.

1565 – Mary Stuart marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.

Mary Stuart marries her cousin, Lord Darnley.

1566 – Mary’s Secretary is murdered.

David Rizzio murdered by a gang of nobleman.

1567 – Mary’s husband, Lord Darnley is killed.

The house in which Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley was destroyed by an explosion.

-Mary marries the Earl of Bothwell, implicating herself in Darnley’s murder.

-Mary abdicates in favour of her son, James and imprisoned in Loch Leven castle.

1568 – Mary escapes Loch Leven and raises army.

Army defeated at battle of Langside.

-Mary arrives in England, wanting protection against Scottish rebels.

-Mary imprisoned by Elizabeth.

1569 – Northern Earls Rebellion.

Rebellion of Northern Earls Catholics, led by Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. Objective was to place Mary on English throne. Plot uncovered, Westmoreland fled and Northumberland executed.

- Rebellion breaks out in Munster when James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald proposes asking Spanish for support against England.

1570 – Papal Bull declares Elizabeth as a heretic.

Pope Pius V signed the Bull Regnas in Excelsis, which excommunicated Elizabeth and declared her subjects owed her no allegiance.

However, the Bull was not widely publicised, so few people took notice.

1571 – Ridolfi Plot.

Led by Roberto Ridolfi with aim of assassinating Elizabeth to be replaced with Mary.

-3 acts provide that:

*It’s a treasonable offence to declare Elizabeth is not Queen

*It is treasonable to introduce or publish any Papal Bulls.

*All who have fled abroad must return within 12 months or forfeit their property.

1572 – St Bartholomew’s day Massacre.

Massacre of French Huguenots.

Believed to have been instigated by Catherine De Medici.

1574 – Seminary priests begin to arrive in England.

Trained at the college of Douai, Flanders, (founded in 1568 by William Allen) young men were taught it was their duty to return to England for salvation of souls and to seek martyrdom if necessary, to re-establish Catholicism. 438 returned to England, 98 put to death. Christopher Haigh argued that their arrival in Dover and concentration in South-East made their mission difficult. (Close to Elizabeth.)

1579 – Henry Francis, Duke of Alençon (Anjou from 1754), proposes marriage to Elizabeth.

Seemed promising as Elizabeth seemed to really like him, and he appeared to love her. However, widespread opposition lead to 8 years of deliberating on Elizabeth’s part, and she eventually rejected the proposal in 1584. He died later that year.

1580 – Jesuit priests begin to arrive in England.

Founded in 1534, they were a Catholic missionary order with the aim of destroying Protestantism. They carried out rigorous spiritual exercises designed to train and discipline the mind, they took an oath of allegiance to the pope.

1581 – Parliament passes to Acts against Catholics.

Recusancy fines increased to £20, and higher fines for hearing or saying mass.

Attempting to convert people to Catholicism is a treasonable offence.

1583 – Throckmorton Plot.

Led by Francis Throckmorton.

Attempt to murder Elizabeth to be replaced by Mary, Queen of Scots.

1584 – William, Prince of Orange assassinated by Catholic extremist.

Elizabeth rejects marriage to Henry Francis, Duke of Anjou.

1585 – Treaty of Nonsuch sparks conflict with Spain.

The treaty of assistance to United Provinces (Netherlands) was signed at Palace of Nonsuch in Surrey. It provided military aid to the relief of Antwerp which was besieged by Spanish forces.

Antwerp fell on 17^th August.

Treaty perceived as act of war by Phillip II and eventually lead to sending the Armada to invade England.

Parliament passes an Act against Seminary and Jesuit priests.

Any Priest ordained by Pope’s authority is guilty of treason once setting foot in England. All priests ordered to leave on pain of death. Anyone helping a Priest also liable to be put to death.

1586 – Babington Plot.

Led by Anthony Babington.

Aim to assassinate Elizabeth to be replaced by Mary, Queen of Scots.

-Phillip II begins planning invasion of England.

1587 – Mary Stuart executed.

Babington plot eventually led to execution.

Elizabeth signed death warrant on condition that it was only to be used in instance of Mary making another threat agains Elizabeth. Councillors ignored this and executed her anyway.

1588 – English disperse Armada at battle of Gravelines.

Phillip II sent Armada to invade England. Bad weather meant they were thrown off course, North to Scotland and then Around Ireland, Many ships were wrecked and many men landed at Ireland.

1602 – Royal proclamation orders all Jesuits to leave.

Other Priests given 12 months, but promised favouarable treatment if they submit to authorities – 13 do so.

1603 – Elizabeth I died.

Replaced by James VI of Scotland (Mary’s son) who became James I of England.